Overview

This experiment demonstrates how capacitors and operational amplifiers can be used to filter signals, removing unwanted noise or frequencies.

Components Required

• Op-Amp (e.g., LM741)
• Capacitors (e.g., 10nF, 100nF)
• Resistors (10kΩ, 1kΩ)
• Power supply
• Oscilloscope
• Breadboard and wires

Procedure

1. Set up the op-amp in a low-pass or high-pass filter configuration with capacitors and resistors.

2. Input a noisy signal and observe how the filter removes the unwanted frequencies.

Expected Result

The oscilloscope will show the filtered signal, with high-frequency noise or low-frequency noise removed, depending on the filter configuration.