Introduction

This experiment demonstrates how to use the LM324 operational amplifier IC to amplify an audio signal for driving a speaker or headphone.

Materials Required

• LM324 Operational Amplifier IC
• Audio Signal Source
• Speaker or Headphones
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Breadboard and jumper wires

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Circuit Diagram

The LM324 is configured as an audio amplifier. The audio signal is fed into the non-inverting input of the op-amp, and the amplified output is connected to a speaker or headphones.

Steps for the Experiment

1. Assemble the LM324 op-amp circuit as an audio amplifier.
2. Feed an audio signal into the input of the amplifier.
3. Connect the output to a speaker or headphones.
4. Observe the amplified audio signal playing through the speaker or headphones.

Explanation

The LM324 op-amp amplifies the input audio signal, allowing it to drive a speaker or headphone to produce sound at a higher volume.

Results and Observations

• The sound from the speaker or headphones should be louder compared to the original input audio signal.