Objective

The objective of this experiment is to design and implement a T-Filter circuit for signal conditioning to enhance the quality of signals by filtering out unwanted noise or frequencies.

Components Required

• 1 x Resistor (R1)
• 2 x Capacitors (C1, C2)
• 1 x Signal Generator (for input signal)
• 1 x Multimeter or Oscilloscope
• Connecting Wires
• Breadboard (optional)

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Theory

A T-Filter consists of two capacitors and one resistor configured in a "T" shape. It is used in signal conditioning applications to pass certain frequencies while attenuating others. The arrangement provides a specific cutoff frequency that can be adjusted based on the values of the components used.

The cutoff frequency \( f_c \) of a T-Filter can be calculated using the formula:

• \( f_c = \frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{LC}} \)
• Where: \( L \) = inductance (in henries), \( C \) = capacitance (in farads).

Circuit Diagram

Experimental Setup

1. Connect the components according to the circuit diagram, ensuring all connections are secure.

2. Connect the output of the signal generator to the input of the T-Filter circuit.

3. Connect the output of the T-Filter to the multimeter or oscilloscope for measurement.

Procedure

1. Set up the circuit according to the circuit diagram.
2. Power the circuit and apply a known input signal from the signal generator.
3. Observe and measure the output signal using the multimeter or oscilloscope.
4. Adjust the input frequency and document how the T-Filter responds to different frequencies.
5. Calculate the cutoff frequency based on the component values used and compare it with your observations.

Results and Observations

Document the output signal characteristics (amplitude, frequency) for various input frequencies. Analyze how effectively the T-Filter conditions the signal.

Conclusion

This experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of a T-Filter in signal conditioning. By adjusting the component values, the cutoff frequency can be tailored to filter specific frequency ranges, enhancing the quality of the output signal.