Objective

To investigate the effect of balancing resistors in a series battery circuit and understand how they help to equalize voltage across battery cells.

Theory

When connecting multiple batteries in series, differences in cell voltages can lead to uneven charging and discharging, potentially damaging weaker cells. Balancing resistors help distribute the current evenly across the cells, improving battery life and performance.

The current through the balancing resistors can be calculated using Ohm's Law:

I = V / R

Where:

• \( I \) = Current (A)
• \( V \) = Voltage across the resistor (V)
• \( R \) = Resistance (Ω)

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Components Required

• 2-4 identical batteries (e.g., AA or Li-ion)
• Balancing resistors (e.g., 10Ω - 100Ω)
• Multimeter (for measuring voltage and current)
• Breadboard (optional)
• Connecting wires

Circuit Diagram

Below is the circuit diagram for the balancing resistor setup in a battery circuit:

In this diagram:

• The batteries are connected in series.
• Balancing resistors are connected parallel to each battery.

Procedure

1. Set up the circuit on a breadboard according to the circuit diagram.
2. Connect the batteries in series.
3. Connect the balancing resistors across each battery.
4. Use a multimeter to measure the voltage across each battery and the current through the balancing resistors.
5. Record the voltages and currents in a table.
6. Calculate the average voltage across the batteries and the overall current in the circuit.

Results

Document your findings in a table format:

Conclusion

The experiment demonstrates the importance of balancing resistors in battery circuits. By using these resistors, the voltage across each battery cell can be equalized, which enhances the overall performance and longevity of the battery pack. This principle is particularly relevant in applications where battery packs are used, such as in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems.